Questions and Solutions: March 2016

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Hospital emergency departments continue to be used as a source of primary medical care by large numbers of medically underserved population. What are the implications of this practice for the patients, on the healthcare costs and quality of care? What would you propose as a means to change the situation?

C++ program that is menu-driven that allows for the following menu choices

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Q Write a C++ program that is menu-driven that allows for the following menu choices:

Load an exam: Loading an exam should prompt the user for an exam file. If no file exists, it should allow the user to specify a different file. Upon a successful load of an exam, the user should be presented with the menu again.

Display exam: The program should simply display each question, its point value, and the answer to the screen. (The functionality of actually taking the exam will be created in Week 5). Upon displaying the exam to the screen, the user should be presented with the menu again.

Quit: Quit the program gracefully by displaying a "thank you" message to the user, and ensure that all files have been closed along with any other housekeeping that should be done as your program shuts down.

Consider creating a class exam that will hold the actual exam and provide behavior such as loadExam and also displayExam. This class will be enhanced in Week 5

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You may create an Excel and / or Word File for your work. Please verify that each page prints out formatted with your name and page number on the page. Excel files should show gridlines.

Excel ‘page format’ has options for grid lines (sheet) and headers/footers.

At a minimum, use print preview so you can see how the work will print out.

For all questions, assume no other transactions or activities have taken place during the period except as noted. Answer all questions!

Prepare and present calculations for partial credits for questions with calculations and presentations.

Question 1:

During March, the following transactions were completed by Bree Inc., a new business started on March 1, 2015.

March 1 Sold 20,000 shares of $10 par value stock for $200,000 cash.

1 Purchased equipment for $36,000, paying $6,000 cash, charging the balance on account.

3 Purchased office supplies for $5,000 on account.

5 Paid $3,600 cash for 1-year insurance policy effective March 1. Use the account Prepaid Insurance to record this asset.

12 Billed customers $8,000 for professional services.

18 Paid $12,000 cash on amount owed on equipment and $3,000 on amount owed on office supplies.

20 Paid $7,000 cash for employee salaries.

21 Collected $4,000 cash from customers billed on March 12.

25 Billed customers $10,000 for professional services.

31 Paid $1,200 for the monthly utilities for the office.

31 Paid cash dividend of $.80 per share to shareholders

Journalize the Transactions, omitting explanations

Create T Accounts on a paper you will not submit to accumulate information for the remaining requirements of this problem

The following additional information is provided for your use before preparing the income statement:

Unbilled and uncollected revenue for services performed as of March 31 is $12,000.

Depreciation on equipment for the month was $600.

An inventory count shows $1,000 of office supplies on hand at March 31.

Accrued but unpaid employee salaries were $4,000 (the salaries have not yet been recorded).

Prepare any necessary journal entries to record the above adjustments

Prepare any additional journal entries to properly record expenses, assuring the balance sheet accounts will be properly presented.

Prepare the appropriate closing entries for the month of March, 2015.

Update your T Accounts on the paper you will not submit

Prepare the Income Statement, for the month ending March 31, 2015.

Prepare the Statement of Owners Equity for the month ending March 31, 2015

Prepare the Classified Balance Sheet for March 31, 2015.

Question 2:

Explain the order for pepraring financial statements. That is, what financial statement do you complete first and what ‘value’ do you use from this financial statement to complete the next financial statement. Do not consider the statement of cash flows. You can create a list and use bullet points or create a paragraph.

Question 3:

Using as few words as possible, explain the terms relevance, reliability, and materiality in terms of accounting and financial reporting. Separately, use at least one sentence for each of the three terms.

Question 4:

Who are the ‘users’ or stakeholders who may access and read financial statements? Create one sentence or bullet point for each user (stakeholder) and explain why they may have an interest in the financial statements.

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Question 1 of 25

Numerical variables can be subdivided into which two types?

A.Diverse and categorical

B.Cross-sectional and discrete

C.Discrete and continuous

D.Nominal and progressive

Question 2 of 25

If a menu has a choice of 4 appetizers, 4 main courses, and 3 desserts, then the sample space for all possible dinners has how many outcomes?

A.48

B.16

C.28

D.3

Question 3 of 25

If A and B are any two events with P(A) = .8 and P(B|A) = .4, then the joint probability of A and B is

A.1.20

B.0.80

C.0.32

D.0.40

Question 4 of 25
A pet supplier has a stock of parakeets of which 10% are blue parakeets. A pet store orders 3 parakeets from this supplier. If the supplier selects the parakeets at random, what is the chance that the pet store gets exactly one blue parakeet?

A.0.081

B.0.243

C.0.027

D.0.003

Question 5 of 25

The following data were obtained from a survey of college students. The variable X represents the number of non-assigned books read during the past six months.

x          0          1          2          3          4          5

P (X=x) 0.20      0.25      0.20      0.15      0.10      0.10

What is the variance of X?

A.2.50

B.2.34

C.4.32

D.3.42

Question 6 of 25

Suppose that 50 identical batteries are being tested. After 8 hours of continuous use, assume that a given battery is still operating with a probability of 0.70 and has failed with a probability of 0.30.

What is the probability that greater than 30 batteries will last at least 8 hours?

A.0.0848

B.0.8594

C.0.9152

D.0.9522

Question 7 of 25

The standard normal distribution has a mean of ___ and standard deviation of ___, respectively.

A.1 and 1

B.1 and 0

C.0 and 1

D.0 and 0

Question 8 of 25

If the value of the standard normal random variable Z is positive, then the original score is where in relationship to the mean?

A.one standard deviation higher than the mean

B.to the right of the mean

C.to the left of the mean

D.equal to the mean

Question 9 of 25

The theorem that states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean is approximately normal when the sample size n is reasonably large is known as the:

A.point estimate theorem

B.central limit theorem

C.simple random sample theorem

D.central tendency theorem

Question 10 of 25

Given that the random variable X is normally distributed with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 10, P(85 < X < 90) is

A.0.5328

B.0.1498

C.0.3413

D.0.1915

Question 11 of 25

In a normal distribution, changing the standard deviation:

A.makes the curve more or less spread out

B.splits the distribution to two curves

C.shifts the curve left or right

D.makes the curve more robust

Question 12 of 25
Find the probability, P(Z < 0.17), using the standard normal distribution.

A..8300

B..4325

C..5675

D..0675

Part 5 of 9 -

Question 13 of 25

Accepted characters: numbers, decimal point markers (period or comma), sign indicators (-), spaces (e.g., as thousands separator, 5 000), "E" or "e" (used in scientific notation). NOTE: For scientific notation, a period MUST be used as the decimal point marker.

Complex numbers should be in the form (a + bi) where "a" and "b" need to have explicitly stated values.

For example: {1+1i} is valid whereas {1+i} is not. {0+9i} is valid whereas {9i} is not.

The following data are the base salaries, in thousands of dollars, of 50 chief executive officers for a sample of companies doing business with the state of Connecticut. That is, the first entry in the table below corresponds to a salary of $125,000. A copy of this data set can be found in the Excel Workbook called CEOSalaries.xls.

125       157       113       127       201

165       145       119       148       158

148       168       117       105       136

136       125       148       108       178

179       191       225       204       104

205       197       119       209       157

209       205       221       178       247

235       217       222       224       187

265       148       165       228       239

245       152       148       115       150

        Find the interquartile range of the CEO salaries, in thousands of dollars, rounded to 2 decimal places. Do not use a dollar sign. Note: $177,760 should be recorded as 177.76.
CEOSalaries.xls

Part 6 of 9 -

Question 14 of 25

Accepted characters: numbers, decimal point markers (period or comma), sign indicators (-), spaces (e.g., as thousands separator, 5 000), "E" or "e" (used in scientific notation). NOTE: For scientific notation, a period MUST be used as the decimal point marker.

Complex numbers should be in the form (a + bi) where "a" and "b" need to have explicitly stated values.

For example: {1+1i} is valid whereas {1+i} is not. {0+9i} is valid whereas {9i} is not.

An ice cream vendor sells three flavors: chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla. Forty five percent of the sales are chocolate, while 30% are strawberry, with the rest vanilla flavored. Sales are by the cone or the cup. The percentages of cones sales for chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla, are 75%, 60%, and 40%, respectively. For a randomly selected sale, define the following events:

= chocolate chosen

= strawberry chosen

= vanilla chosen

= ice cream on a cone

ice cream in a cup

Find the probability that the ice cream was chocolate flavor, given that it was sold on a cone. Place your answer, rounded to 4 decimal places, in the blank. For exampe, 0.3456 would be a legitimate entry.

Question 17 of 25

True

False

Question 25 of 25

Using the standard normal curve, the probability or area between Z = -1.50 and Z = 1.50 is 0.4332.

True

False

Terry Wilson, a seasoned marketing veteran

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Terry Wilson, a seasoned marketing veteran , has recently decided to explore growth options for Tuscan treasures, an importer of Italian furniture. Profits are declining and Mr. Wilson must decide whether to downsize or expand to improve the situation. Yu have been asked to advise Mr. Wilson on which growth strategy would best aid Tuscan Treasures should he choose that route. YOu have also been asked to provide Mr. Wilson with a better understanding of why profits have been down recently, including possible causes of decline. He also wants to know what he would need to do if he decides to downsize the operation.

A. provide Mr. Wilson with 3 possible strategies.

B. What are the possible causes of his company's decline?

C. What are some recommendations for handling a downsizing?

The Hospital for Ordinary Surgery uses pharmaceuticals for

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Analyze the following scenario: The Hospital for Ordinary Surgery uses pharmaceuticals for its patients. It started the year on January 1, with an inventory of 1,000 doses of an antibiotic drug that cost $17 per dose. On January 2, it purchased another 300 does for $21 each. From January 3 through June 30 it used 800 doses. On July 1, it bought 500 more doses at $23 each. From July 2 through the end of the year it used 400 doses. What is the inventory value at the end of the year, assuming FIFO? What is the value assuming LIFO? Clearly label the calculations of the inventory amounts using Excel. Use formulas to calculate the FIFO and LIFO inventories and format the cells to insert a comma if there is more than three numbers and round to the nearest whole number.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of FIFO and LIFO inventory methods and evaluate the best inventory method is best for this scenario.

Required a two to thee page Word document (not including the title and reference pages) and your Excel worksheet. Your paper should be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the approved APA style guide, and you must cite at least two scholarly sources in addition to the textbook

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Prospect Corporation, your new audit client, processes its sales and cash receipts in the following manner:

(1) Sales. Salesclerks prepare sales invoices in triplicate. The original and second copy are presented to the cashier, and the third copy is retained by the sales clerk in the sales book.

When the sale is for cash, the customer pays the sales clerk, who presents the money to the

cashier with the invoice copies.

A credit sale is approved by the cashier from an approved credit list. After receiving the cash or approving the invoice, the cashier validates the original copy of the sales invoice and gives it to the customer. At the end of each day, the cashier recaps the sales and cash received, files the recap by date, and forwards the cash and the second copy of all sales invoices to the accounts receivable clerk.

The accounts receivable clerk balances the cash received with cash sales invoices and

prepares a daily sales summary. Cash sales are posted by the accounts receivable clerk to the

cash receipts journal, and the daily sales summary is led by date. Cash from cash sales is

included in the daily bank deposit (preparation of the bank deposit is described with cash

receipts in the following section). The accounts receivable clerk posts credit sales invoices

to the accounts receivable ledger and then sends all invoices to the inventory control clerk in

the sales department.

The inventory clerk posts to the inventory control cards and files the sales invoices numerically.

(2) Cash receipts. The mail is opened each morning by a mail clerk in the sales department. The

mail clerk prepares a remittance advice (showing customer and amount paid) for each check and forwards the checks and remittance advices to the sales department supervisor.

The supervisor reviews the remittance advices and forwards the checks and advices to the

accounting department supervisor.

The accounting department supervisor, who also functions as credit manager in approving new credit and all credit limits, reviews all checks for payments on past due accounts and then gives the checks and remittance advices to the accounts receivable clerk, who arranges the advices in alphabetical order. The remittance advices are posted directly to the accounts receivable ledger cards. The checks are endorsed by stamp and totaled. The total is posted to the cash receipts journal. The remittance advices are led chronologically.

After receiving the cash from the previous day’s cash sales from the cashier, the accounts receivable clerk prepares the daily deposit slip in triplicate. The original and second copy of the deposit slip accompany the bank deposit, and the third copy is led by date.

The bank deposit is sent directly to National Bank.

Required: a. Prepare a systems flowchart of internal control over sales transactions as described in part (1)above.

b. Prepare a systems flowchart of internal control over cash receipts as described in part (2)above. Complete the following assignment. Submit your responses in MSWord as one document. Label each section clearly. If you choose to use an Excel spreadsheet for question 2, please copy and paste your spreadsheet into your Word document. For written answers, please make sure your responses are well written, conform to APA formatting, and have proper citations, if needed.

1. Draft a memo to a client comparing the advantages and disadvantages of using forward contracts and options to hedge foreign exchange risk.

2. On December 1, 2009, a U.S.-based company entered into a three-month forward contract to purchase 1 million Mexican pesos on March 1, 2010.

The following are the purchase rates for US dollar per peso

Date Spot Rate Forward Rate (March, 2010)

December 1, 2009 $0.088 $0.084

December 31, 2009 $0.080 $0.074

March 1, 2010 $0.076

The company’s borrowing rate is 12 percent. The present value factor for two months at an annual interest rate of 12 percent (1 percent per month) is 0.9803.

How will the U.S. company report the forward contract on its December 31, 2009, balance sheet

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Prepare a research paper on an Acquisitions Business issue of his or her choice. However, regardless of the student preference, the professor must approve the topic. The research paper should be 5-7 pages in length and include at least four bibliographic references in addition to the course text. References should be listed at the end of the paper and should follow the American Psychological Association (APA) formatting. The APA web site can be consulted for assistance

Some examples of topics are as follows:

- Discuss fully the principle of Acquisitions Management. What is most important? What do you think will become more important over the next two decades?

- Describe fully the policy-making process and the manager's role in acquisitions.

- Describe the major types of relationships that exist today between the DoD and corporate America in the acquisitions field.

- Discuss the ethical problems in acquisitions and the effects that it may have on an organization.

- What can be done by Leaders/Commanders to make their organizations better in acquisitions?

- Explain the Lessons in "Leadership" and "Acquisitions" in organizations.

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Question: Why is there sometimes a question over whether to allocate an expense to the POM, reserve for replacement, or capital account? When are such questions likely to arise? How would you deal with the decision process regarding the allocation of expenses?

Question 3. You are the General Manager of a large resort property. The Human Resource Manager is looking for guidance on your request to start the hiring process for a new Facilities Manager. She wants your thoughts on the scope of duties and responsibilities for the position. Detail the major categories you consider to be the most important and explain your reasoning.

Your paper should be at least three pages in length, double-spaced. Format your paper using APA style guidelines. Use your own words and include citations and references as needed to avoid plagiarism. You are required to use your textbook and another scholarly source as a reference. The title and reference pages do not count towards the minimum page requirement.

Your essay needs to address the following:

• Describe the advantages and disadvantages of magnetic storage, optical storage, and solid state storage using criteria such as versatility, durability, capacity, access time, and transfer rate.

• Briefly, describe what a microprocessor is and explain its relationship to software.

• List the four types of memory and briefly, describe how each one works.

• Describe the differences between a computer program, system software, operating system, and application software. Give examples of each type.

• Finally, wrap up your paper with a discussion on the significance of digitization and its impact on the digital revolution in reference to data representation, processing, and security.

Unit I Essay

Tour a Museum for the Unit I Essay, you will be touring an art museum of your choice. You may visit one in person or take a virtual tour via the Internet. The non-graded Learning Activities share a couple of virtual tours that you may take, but you are welcome to visit any museum that interests you. Please include the name and location of your museum tour.

For this essay, please write about at least two pieces of art. For each piece, address the following:

• Include the title, artist, date, medium, and scale.

• Why did you choose this piece?

• What do you think is the artist’s message?

• What are the cultural significances of this piece?

• What historical elements are included in this piece? Your essay must be a minimum of two pages in length. All sources used must be cited and referenced.

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Ch. 1 Philosophy and Fundamental Concepts:

What is environmental geology? What are its uses?

Environmental geology is considered a broad applications science, what other areas of study would be included under its umbrella?

What are the 5 concepts that will be covered in this course?

Why is population growth the number one environmental problem in the world?

What is in-put/out-put analysis? What is exponential growth?

What is average residence time? How is it applied?

How can the principle of uniformitarianism be applied to environmental geology?

What is the Gaia hypothesis? Is the Gaia Hypothesis science? How could we test the main parts? Which would be hard to test? Why?

Is sustainability the solution to population growth? How?

What is the precautionary principle and why is it important?

Ch. 2: Internal Structure of Earth and Plate Tectonics

Define the following terms:

asthenosphere

continental drift

convection

convergent boundary

core

crust

divergent boundary

hot spot

isostasy

lithosphere

magnetic reversal

mantle

mid-oceanic ridge

Moho

paleomagnetism

plate tectonics

seafloor spreading

seismology

spreading center

subduction zone

submarine trench

transform boundary

triple junction

Wadati - Benioff zone

Wilson Cycle

What are the major differences between the inner and outer cores of Earth?

How are the major properties of the lithosphere different from those of the asthenosphere?

What are the three major types of plate boundaries?

What are the major processes that are thought to produce Earth's magnetic field?

What are hot spots?

Ch. 3: Minerals and Rocks

Define the following terms:

igneous rock

law of crosscutting relationships

law of original horizontality

law of superpostion

metamorphic rock

mineral

rock

rock cycle

sedimentary rock

weathering

Differentiate between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Describe the location of these different types of rocks.

What is a mineral? What are some of the uses of raw minerals?

Describe the process of rock cycling.

What is a batholith, and where might you find one?

How would a porphyritic texture be produced?

What is the difference between a detrital and a chemical sedimentary rock?

What are the main rock structures?

How might an angular unconformity be produced? Some of you have seen this type of formation, where??

Ch. 4: Ecology and Geology

Define the following:

biodiversity

ecology

ecosystem

ecological restoration

An ecosystem consists of an ecological community and its non-living environment. Which of the two do you think is more important, why? In other words, do you think the physical environment comes before what lives there, or does what lives there affect the physical environment to a greater extent than the role of geology or are both things equally important?

Question 1

Sulfide minerals are potential environmental hazards because

they are rich in calcium, which contributes to water degradation

they are weak minerals

they are important sources of iron

they can combine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid

Question 2

The concept of seafloor spreading was supported by magnetic polarity stripes on the ocean floor.

True

False

Question 3

The rocks of the core are more dense than the rocks of the mantle.

True

False

Question 4

What is sustainability?

the ability of a population to sustain its economy

development that ensures that future generations will have equal access to the resources that our planet offers

the ability of a population to sustain its growth

development that can be sustained for at least ten years

Question 5

Transform plate boundaries are marked by

volcanic island arcs

consumption of oceanic crust

creation of oceanic crust

two plates sliding relative to one another

Question 6

The dominant processes in an ecosystem are

life and death

energy flows and chemical cycles

interactions of biota and geologic environment

damage and restoration

Question 7

What driving force of plate movement is likely dominant?

slab pull

valley fall

mountain rise

ridge push

Question 8

S-waves accelerate as they enter the outer core.

True

False

Question 9

Why are ferromagnesian minerals easily weathered?

they are prone to oxidation

they are rich in magnesium

they are prone to dissolution

they are formed during the solidification of magma

Question 10

Intrusive igneous rocks differ from extrusive igneous rocks primarily in their

crystal sizes

degree of heat and pressure involved in magma generation

chemical and mineralogical makeup

plate tectonic setting

Question 11

Rock folds typically form under the influence of compressive stress.

True

False

Question 12

Humans are causing rapid extinction, leading to a reduction in biodiversity

True

False

Question 13

The term "clay" refers to both texture and mineralogy.

True

False

Question 14

Only a few transform boundaries (<10) mark the Earth's tectonic plates.

True

False

Question 15

Unconformities represent

a gap in the geologic record

a period of igneous intrusion

a time when the rock sequence was below sea level

an example of the principle of superposition

Question 16

Why is human population growth often considered the foremost environmental problem?

There is no way to provide food for additional people.

Increasing population strains resources and creates additional wastes.

The Earth will run out of open land space within the next 50 years.

There is insufficient oxygen production on Earth for more than 10 billion people.

Question 17

What is uniformitarianism?

a concept that states that present processes operated in the past, at similar rates

a uniform method by which science is conducted

a concept stating that environmental conditions in the past were the same as those of today

a method by which the uniformity of population growth is assessed

Question 18

The concept of a land ethic maintains that we are responsible to the entire environment, not just to humans.

True

False

Question 19

The process of isostasy is responsible for

moving plates apart at a divergent margin

creating volcanoes at a hot spot

causing compressive stresses at convergent boundaries

causing rock uplift in mountain ranges in response to erosion

Question 20

The approach of Earth systems science maintains that application of technological systems is the best means to address environmental degradation.

True

False

Question 21

Deep (>200 km) earthquakes can only be found at a convergent boundary.

True

False

Question 22

What is Earth systems science?

the study of the atmosphere

the study of the entire planet as a system of interrelated components

the study of population growth on Earth

the study of physical systems on the Earth's surface

Question 23

How a species "makes its living" is called its

niche

biota

habitat

ecology

Question 24

The asthenosphere is less dense than the lithosphere.

P-wave

R-wave

S-wave

L-wave

Question 25

What is average residence time?

the average time for a system to run out of energy

the average time required for an open system to convert to a closed system

the average time that a human population can stay in an area before environmental conditions force them to move

the average time required for the total stock of a material to be cycled through a system

Question 26

The Hawaiian Islands are a volcanic arc atop an oceanic subduction zone.

True

False

Question 27

A submarine trench is associated with a convergent boundary.

True

False

Question 28

How do magnetic stripes on the ocean floor serve as evidence for seafloor spreading?

Their symmetry on either side of mid-ocean ridges shows that transform boundaries are sliding boundaries.

Their symmetry on either side of the mid-ocean ridge shows that new crust is created, then split.

Their patterns show that the Earth's magnetic field reverses every few hundred years, on average.

They show that island arc volcanism creates new oceanic crust at the mid-ocean ridges.

Question 29

The principle of uniformitarianism can be extended to prediction of future natural hazards

True

False

Question 30

What is exponential growth?

growth that occurs at a constant rate

growth that is logarithmic in nature

growth that occurs as a constant percentage of the existing amount

growth that doubles the existing number

Question 31

How does the lithosphere differ from the asthenosphere?

The asthenosphere is less dense than the lithosphere.

The asthenosphere is stronger than the lithosphere.

The lithosphere is stronger than the asthenosphere.

The asthenosphere is part of the core, while the lithosphere is part of the mantle

Question 32

The crystalline structure of minerals is a result of random arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice.

True

False

Question 33

How are the impacts of natural hazards linked to population growth?

Population growth concentrates people and resources, such that the impacts of an individual natural hazard can be greater.

Population growth changes the rates of geologic processes, in turn changing the frequency of hazardous events.

Population growth weakens societal defenses against natural hazards.

Natural hazards strongly influence population growth.

Question 34

What is the Gaia hypothesis?

a hypothesis that states the Earth is alive

a set of hypotheses that likens the Earth to a superorganism with interrelated, mutually adjusting systems

the concept of environmental unity

the hypothesis lying at the root of uniformitarianism

Question 35

At convergent plate boundaries

the plate of higher density subducts into the mantle

the plate of lower density subducts into the mantle

new oceanic crust is created

magnetic stripes are generated in oceanic rocks

Question 36

Which of the following does not tend to increase biodiversity in an ecosystem?

extreme disturbance

evolution

relatively constant environmental factors

diverse habitats

Question 37

Which of the following is not a mineral?

quartz

volcanic glass

plagioclase feldspar

ice

Question 38

An open system exchanges energy and materials with its surroundings.

True

False

Question 39

Seawalls can decrease biodiversity by narrowing beaches

True

False

Question 40

A volcano that erupts with frequent, moderate eruptions is more likely to increase biodiversity than is a volcano that erupts with major eruptions.

True

False

Question 41

What human activities have impacted the Everglades negatively?

removal of keystone species

removal of sand dune vegetation

commercial fishing

wetlands draining

Question 42

Succession of tree species should be a common process in an avalanche chute.

True

False

Question 43

Sea urchins help preserve kelp in kelp forests.

True

False

Question 44

Mountain ranges may have influenced biodiversity of trees in Europe and North America.

True

False

Question 45

Hot spots are recorded by

a sequence of volcanic centers younging toward the hot spot

extensive earthquake hazards

rock from the outer mantle included in volcanic rocks

mantle rock exposed at the Earth's surface

Question 46

As an ecosystem evolves following disturbance, it follows the path of

restoration

succession

naturalization

ecology

Question 47

Why are silicate minerals the most common minerals in the crust?

because oxygen and silicon are the most common elements in the crust

because their building block is in the shape of a tetrahedron

because they include elements such as magnesium, sodium, and potassium

because carbonate and oxide minerals are more easily weathered

Question 48

What is the principal difference between the inner core and outer core?

The inner core consists mainly of silicate minerals, while the outer core consists mainly of iron and nickel.

The inner core is liquid while the outer core is solid.

The inner core is solid while the outer core is liquid.

The inner core consists mainly of iron and nickel, while the outer core consists mainly of silicate minerals

Question 49

What does the concept of environmental unity state?

All systems are related to one another.

All people on Earth agree on the nature of and solutions to environmental problems.

All humans live on Gaia, and therefore we are subject to the same environment.

One action leads to subsequent actions in linked systems.

Question 50

Detrital sedimentary rocks differ from chemical sedimentary rocks in that

chemical sedimentary rocks are composed of chemical elements, while detrital rocks are

detrital sedimentary rocks accumulate in depositional basins, while chemical sedimentary rocks do not

detrital sedimentary rocks are composed of visible pieces of preexisting rocks

chemical sedimentary rocks accumulate in the ocean, while detrital rocks do notCh. 1 Philosophy and Fundamental Concepts:

What is environmental geology? What are its uses?

Environmental geology is considered a broad applications science, what other areas of study would be included under its umbrella?

What are the 5 concepts that will be covered in this course?

Why is population growth the number one environmental problem in the world?

What is in-put/out-put analysis? What is exponential growth?

What is average residence time? How is it applied?

How can the principle of uniformitarianism be applied to environmental geology?

What is the Gaia hypothesis? Is the Gaia Hypothesis science? How could we test the main parts? Which would be hard to test? Why?

Is sustainability the solution to population growth? How?

What is the precautionary principle and why is it important?

Ch. 2: Internal Structure of Earth and Plate Tectonics

Define the following terms:

asthenosphere

continental drift

convection

convergent boundary

core

crust

divergent boundary

hot spot

isostasy

lithosphere

magnetic reversal

mantle

mid-oceanic ridge

Moho

paleomagnetism

plate tectonics

seafloor spreading

seismology

spreading center

subduction zone

submarine trench

transform boundary

triple junction

Wadati - Benioff zone

Wilson Cycle

What are the major differences between the inner and outer cores of Earth?

How are the major properties of the lithosphere different from those of the asthenosphere?

What are the three major types of plate boundaries?

What are the major processes that are thought to produce Earth's magnetic field?

What are hot spots?

Ch. 3: Minerals and Rocks

Define the following terms:

igneous rock

law of crosscutting relationships

law of original horizontality

law of superpostion

metamorphic rock

mineral

rock

rock cycle

sedimentary rock

weathering

Differentiate between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Describe the location of these different types of rocks.

What is a mineral? What are some of the uses of raw minerals?

Describe the process of rock cycling.

What is a batholith, and where might you find one?

How would a porphyritic texture be produced?

What is the difference between a detrital and a chemical sedimentary rock?

What are the main rock structures?

How might an angular unconformity be produced? Some of you have seen this type of formation, where??

Ch. 4: Ecology and Geology

Define the following:

biodiversity

ecology

ecosystem

ecological restoration

Question 1

Sulfide minerals are potential environmental hazards because

they are rich in calcium, which contributes to water degradation

they are weak minerals

they are important sources of iron

they can combine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid

Question 2

The concept of seafloor spreading was supported by magnetic polarity stripes on the ocean floor.

True

False

Question 3

The rocks of the core are more dense than the rocks of the mantle.

True

False

Question 4

What is sustainability?

the ability of a population to sustain its economy

development that ensures that future generations will have equal access to the resources that our planet offers

the ability of a population to sustain its growth

development that can be sustained for at least ten years

Question 5

Transform plate boundaries are marked by

volcanic island arcs

consumption of oceanic crust

creation of oceanic crust

two plates sliding relative to one another

Question 6

The dominant processes in an ecosystem are

life and death

energy flows and chemical cycles

interactions of biota and geologic environment

damage and restoration

Question 7

What driving force of plate movement is likely dominant?

slab pull

valley fall

mountain rise

ridge push

Question 8

S-waves accelerate as they enter the outer core.

True

False

Question 9

Why are ferromagnesian minerals easily weathered?

they are prone to oxidation

they are rich in magnesium

they are prone to dissolution

they are formed during the solidification of magma

Question 10

Intrusive igneous rocks differ from extrusive igneous rocks primarily in their

crystal sizes

degree of heat and pressure involved in magma generation

chemical and mineralogical makeup

plate tectonic setting

Question 11

Rock folds typically form under the influence of compressive stress.

True

False

Question 12

Humans are causing rapid extinction, leading to a reduction in biodiversity

True

False

Question 13

The term "clay" refers to both texture and mineralogy.

True

False

Question 14

Only a few transform boundaries (<10) mark the Earth's tectonic plates.

True

False

Question 15

Unconformities represent

a gap in the geologic record

a period of igneous intrusion

a time when the rock sequence was below sea level

an example of the principle of superposition

Question 16

Why is human population growth often considered the foremost environmental problem?

There is no way to provide food for additional people.

Increasing population strains resources and creates additional wastes.

The Earth will run out of open land space within the next 50 years.

There is insufficient oxygen production on Earth for more than 10 billion people.

Question 17

What is uniformitarianism?

a concept that states that present processes operated in the past, at similar rates

a uniform method by which science is conducted

a concept stating that environmental conditions in the past were the same as those of today

a method by which the uniformity of population growth is assessed

Question 18

The concept of a land ethic maintains that we are responsible to the entire environment, not just to humans.

True

False

Question 19

The process of isostasy is responsible for

moving plates apart at a divergent margin

creating volcanoes at a hot spot

causing compressive stresses at convergent boundaries

causing rock uplift in mountain ranges in response to erosion

Question 20

The approach of Earth systems science maintains that application of technological systems is the best means to address environmental degradation.

True

False

Question 21

Deep (>200 km) earthquakes can only be found at a convergent boundary.

True

False

Question 22

What is Earth systems science?

the study of the atmosphere

the study of the entire planet as a system of interrelated components

the study of population growth on Earth

the study of physical systems on the Earth's surface

Question 23

How a species "makes its living" is called its

niche

biota

habitat

ecology

Question 24

The asthenosphere is less dense than the lithosphere.

P-wave

R-wave

S-wave

L-wave

Question 25

What is average residence time?

the average time for a system to run out of energy

the average time required for an open system to convert to a closed system

the average time that a human population can stay in an area before environmental conditions force them to move

the average time required for the total stock of a material to be cycled through a system

Question 26

The Hawaiian Islands are a volcanic arc atop an oceanic subduction zone.

True

False

Question 27

A submarine trench is associated with a convergent boundary.

True

False

Question 28

How do magnetic stripes on the ocean floor serve as evidence for seafloor spreading?

Their symmetry on either side of mid-ocean ridges shows that transform boundaries are sliding boundaries.

Their symmetry on either side of the mid-ocean ridge shows that new crust is created, then split.

Their patterns show that the Earth's magnetic field reverses every few hundred years, on average.

They show that island arc volcanism creates new oceanic crust at the mid-ocean ridges.

Question 29

The principle of uniformitarianism can be extended to prediction of future natural hazards

True

False

Question 30

What is exponential growth?

growth that occurs at a constant rate

growth that is logarithmic in nature

growth that occurs as a constant percentage of the existing amount

growth that doubles the existing number

Question 31

How does the lithosphere differ from the asthenosphere?

The asthenosphere is less dense than the lithosphere.

The asthenosphere is stronger than the lithosphere.

The lithosphere is stronger than the asthenosphere.

The asthenosphere is part of the core, while the lithosphere is part of the mantle

Question 32

The crystalline structure of minerals is a result of random arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice.

True

False

Question 33

How are the impacts of natural hazards linked to population growth?

Population growth concentrates people and resources, such that the impacts of an individual natural hazard can be greater.

Population growth changes the rates of geologic processes, in turn changing the frequency of hazardous events.

Population growth weakens societal defenses against natural hazards.

Natural hazards strongly influence population growth.

Question 34

What is the Gaia hypothesis?

a hypothesis that states the Earth is alive

a set of hypotheses that likens the Earth to a superorganism with interrelated, mutually adjusting systems

the concept of environmental unity

the hypothesis lying at the root of uniformitarianism

Question 35

At convergent plate boundaries

the plate of higher density subducts into the mantle

the plate of lower density subducts into the mantle

new oceanic crust is created

magnetic stripes are generated in oceanic rocks

Question 36

Which of the following does not tend to increase biodiversity in an ecosystem?

extreme disturbance

evolution

relatively constant environmental factors

diverse habitats

Question 37

Which of the following is not a mineral?

quartz

volcanic glass

plagioclase feldspar

ice

Question 38

An open system exchanges energy and materials with its surroundings.

True

False

Question 39

Seawalls can decrease biodiversity by narrowing beaches

True

False

Question 40

A volcano that erupts with frequent, moderate eruptions is more likely to increase biodiversity than is a volcano that erupts with major eruptions.

True

False

Question 41

What human activities have impacted the Everglades negatively?

removal of keystone species

removal of sand dune vegetation

commercial fishing

wetlands draining

Question 42

Succession of tree species should be a common process in an avalanche chute.

True

False

Question 43

Sea urchins help preserve kelp in kelp forests.

True

False

Question 44

Mountain ranges may have influenced biodiversity of trees in Europe and North America.

True

False

Question 45

Hot spots are recorded by

a sequence of volcanic centers younging toward the hot spot

extensive earthquake hazards

rock from the outer mantle included in volcanic rocks

mantle rock exposed at the Earth's surface

Question 46

As an ecosystem evolves following disturbance, it follows the path of

restoration

succession

naturalization

ecology

Question 47

Why are silicate minerals the most common minerals in the crust?

because oxygen and silicon are the most common elements in the crust

because their building block is in the shape of a tetrahedron

because they include elements such as magnesium, sodium, and potassium

because carbonate and oxide minerals are more easily weathered

Question 48

What is the principal difference between the inner core and outer core?

The inner core consists mainly of silicate minerals, while the outer core consists mainly of iron and nickel.

The inner core is liquid while the outer core is solid.

The inner core is solid while the outer core is liquid.

The inner core consists mainly of iron and nickel, while the outer core consists mainly of silicate minerals

Question 49

What does the concept of environmental unity state?

All systems are related to one another.

All people on Earth agree on the nature of and solutions to environmental problems.

All humans live on Gaia, and therefore we are subject to the same environment.

One action leads to subsequent actions in linked systems.

Question 50

Detrital sedimentary rocks differ from chemical sedimentary rocks in that

chemical sedimentary rocks are composed of chemical elements, while detrital rocks are

detrital sedimentary rocks accumulate in depositional basins, while chemical sedimentary rocks do not

detrital sedimentary rocks are composed of visible pieces of preexisting rocks

chemical sedimentary rocks accumulate in the ocean, while detrital rocks do not

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